Monday, October 21, 2013

A00002 - Kumar Pallana, Indian Character Actor

Kumar Pallana, Who Went From Yoga to Film, Dies at 94

Touchstone Pictures, via Photofest
Gene Hackman, left, and Kumar Pallana, who played his valet, in “The Royal Tenenbaums.”
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Kumar Pallana, an Indian plate spinner turned Texas yoga instructor turned — in his late 70s and long beyond — sought-after character actor in films by Wes Anderson, Steven Spielberg and others, died on Thursday at his home in Oakland, Calif. He was 94.
His son, Dipak, confirmed the death.
Mr. Pallana, who had lived in the United States since the 1940s, was first seen on screen as an extra in American westerns of the early 1950s, playing, as he later described it, “a different sort of Indian.”
He also spent decades on the vaudeville circuit as Kumar of India, spinning plates (as many as 16 at a time, some of them on sticks) and performing feats of dexterity that included plucking a handkerchief off the ground with his teeth while riding a bicycle.
He played Las Vegas, where his shows were attended by the likes of Sammy Davis Jr. and Harry Belafonte. In the 1950s and ’60s, he performed on television shows, including “Captain Kangaroo” and “The Mickey Mouse Club,” before repairing to Dallas and a life of teaching yoga.
There, three decades later, Mr. Pallana was discovered by Mr. Anderson and Owen Wilson, not long out of college and collaborating on the screenplay of their first film, “Bottle Rocket.”
“He had a certain wise serenity and tremendous charisma,” Mr. Anderson wrote in an e-mail message to The Times on Monday. “But he was also inclined to do rope tricks and laugh wildly, hysterically, at extreme length. And like everybody else, we just loved him instantly. We had never met anyone even remotely like him in any respect.”
Elfin and white-haired, Mr. Pallana made his true cinematic debut in the feature-length version of “Bottle Rocket,” released in 1996. (The film had originated two years earlier as a 13-minute short.) Appearing alongside Mr. Wilson and his brother Luke, he played a member of a gang of hapless thieves.
He went on to appear in Mr. Anderson’s pictures “Rushmore” (1998), as the school caretaker Mr. Littlejeans; “The Royal Tenenbaums” (2001), as Pagoda, Gene Hackman’s curmudgeonly valet; and “The Darjeeling Limited” (2007), filmed in India, as a passenger on the title train.
Though Mr. Pallana’s roles were typically small, his screen presence was anything but: his lines, delivered in understated Indian-inflected tones, crackled with cantankerous roguery. Critics agreed that he quietly stole every scene he was in.
In 2004, The Los Angeles Times described him as “possessing perhaps the greatest deadpan expression since Buster Keaton.”
Mr. Pallana’s credits include more than a dozen pictures by other directors, notably “The Terminal” (2004), by Mr. Spielberg. In that film, he played the dyspeptic airport janitor Gupta, who likes nothing so much as seeing travelers slip on his freshly mopped floors.
“This,” Gupta declares, “is the only fun I have.”
The third of nine children, Kumar Vallabhdas Pallana was born in Indore, in central India, on Dec. 23, 1918, the son of a prosperous automobile dealer. As a boy, he dreamed of a performing career, though his parents tried to steer him toward more respectable pursuits.
Then in 1931, Kumar’s older brother, who was active in the struggle for Indian independence, was arrested and jailed for several years. The British also seized the family’s home and the elder Mr. Pallana’s business, thrusting them into vastly reduced circumstances.
Kumar left school at about 13 and soon afterward lighted out for Bombay, thinking he could become a Bollywood film star simply by walking through the studio gates. At the gates, however, he was repeatedly turned away because of his age.
He wound up in Calcutta, where he trained as an acrobat, and for the next few years he traveled India by foot and bicycle as an itinerant performer. In the mid-1930s he joined his brother, newly released from jail, in Africa, where he honed his act in performances across the continent.
Mr. Pallana arrived in the United States in 1946 and spent the next 20 years touring until his wife put her foot down and the family settled in Texas. There, he started a yoga studio.
“Texas is called cowboy country,” Mr. Pallana told the American newspaper India Abroad in 2004. “Nobody knew what yoga and yogurt were, at least 30 years ago.”
In 1992, Dipak Pallana opened a cafe, Cosmic Cup, on the ground floor of his father’s studio. Its regular customers included Mr. Anderson and Owen Wilson, and before long a star was born.
Mr. Pallana’s marriage to Ranjana Jethwa ended in divorce. Besides his son, who has also had small roles in Mr. Anderson’s pictures, he is survived by a daughter, Sandhya Pallana, and a grandson.
His other films include “Duplex” (2003), directed by Danny DeVito and starring Ben Stiller; “Romance & Cigarettes” (2005), directed by John Turturro and starring James Gandolfini; and “10 Items or Less” (2006), directed by Brad Silberling and starring Morgan Freeman.
In a 2003 interview with The Believer, the literary magazine founded by Dave Eggers, Mr. Pallana set forth his philosophy of life in words that might have come straight from one of Mr. Anderson’s films:
“I have seen the people who hustle and bustle, and they are already gone, at a young age,” he said. “I’m an old guy. I’ve been doing this a long time. And I don’t hustle and I don’t bustle.”

Friday, July 19, 2013

A00001 - Amar Bose, Acoustic Engineer and Inventor

Amar G. Bose, Acoustic Engineer and Inventor, Dies at 83

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Amar G. Bose, the visionary engineer, inventor and billionaire entrepreneur whose namesake company, the Bose Corporation, became synonymous with high-quality audio systems and speakers for home users, auditoriums and automobiles, died on Friday at his home in Wayland, Mass. He was 83.
Michael Quan
Amar G. Bose, chairman of Bose, with a Wave radio in 1993.

His death was confirmed by his son, Dr. Vanu G. Bose.
As founder and chairman of the privately held company, Dr. Bose focused relentlessly on acoustic engineering innovation. His speakers, though expensive, earned a reputation for bringing concert-hall-quality audio into the home.
And by refusing to offer stock to the public, Dr. Bose was able to pursue risky long-term research, such as noise-canceling headphones and an innovative suspension system for cars, without the pressures of quarterly earnings announcements.
In a 2004 interview in Popular Science magazine, he said: “I would have been fired a hundred times at a company run by M.B.A.’s. But I never went into business to make money. I went into business so that I could do interesting things that hadn’t been done before.”
A perfectionist and a devotee of classical music, Dr. Bose was disappointed by the inferior sound of a high-priced stereo system he purchased when he was an M.I.T. engineering student in the 1950s. His interest in acoustic engineering piqued, he realized that 80 percent of the sound experienced in a concert hall was indirect, meaning that it bounced off walls and ceilings before reaching the audience.
This realization, using basic concepts of physics, formed the basis of his research. In the early 1960s, Dr. Bose invented a new type of stereo speaker based on psychoacoustics, the study of sound perception. His design incorporated multiple small speakers aimed at the surrounding walls, rather than directly at the listener, to reflect the sound and, in essence, recreate the larger sound heard in concert halls. In 1964, at the urging of his mentor and adviser at M.I.T., Dr. Y. W. Lee, he founded his company to pursue long-term research in acoustics. The Bose Corporation initially pursued military contracts, but Dr. Bose’s vision was to produce a new generation of stereo speakers.
Though his first speakers fell short of expectations, Dr. Bose kept at it. In 1968, he introduced the Bose 901 Direct/Reflecting speaker system, which became a best seller for more than 25 years and firmly entrenched Bose, based in Framingham, Mass., as a leader in a highly competitive audio components marketplace. Unlike conventional loudspeakers, which radiated sound only forward, the 901s used a blend of direct and reflected sound.
Later inventions included the popular Bose Wave radio and the Bose noise-canceling headphones, which were so effective they were adopted by the military and commercial pilots.
A Bose software program enabled acoustic engineers to simulate the sound from any seat in a large hall, even before the site was built. The system was used to create sound systems for such diverse spaces as Staples Center in Los Angeles, the Sistine Chapel and the Masjid al-Haram, the grand mosque in Mecca.
In 1982, some of the world’s top automakers, including Mercedes and Porsche, began to install Bose audio systems in their vehicles, and the brand remains a favorite in that market segment.
Dr. Bose’s devotion to research was matched by his passion for teaching. Having earned his bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate degrees in electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1950s, Dr. Bose returned from a Fulbright scholarship at the National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi and joined the M.I.T. faculty in 1956.
He taught there for more than 45 years, and in 2011, donated a majority of his company’s shares to the school. The gift provides M.I.T. with annual cash dividends. M.I.T. cannot sell the shares and does not participate in the company’s management.
Dr. Bose made a lasting impression in the classroom as well as in his company. His popular course on acoustics was as much about life as about electronics, said Alan V. Oppenheim, an M.I.T. engineering professor and a longtime colleague.
“He talked not only about acoustics but about philosophy, personal behavior, what is important in life. He was somebody with extraordinary standards,” Professor Oppenheim said.
Dr. William R. Brody, head of the Salk Institute in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, was a student in Dr. Bose’s class in 1962. He told Popular Science: “His class gave me the courage to tackle high-risk problems and equipped me with the problem-solving skills I needed to be successful in several careers. Amar Bose taught me how to think.”
Amar Gopal Bose was born on Nov. 2, 1929, in Philadelphia. His father, Noni Gopal Bose, was a Bengali freedom fighter who was studying physics at Calcutta University when he was arrested and imprisoned for his opposition to British rule in India. He escaped and fled to the United States in 1920, where he married an American schoolteacher.
At age 13, Dr. Bose began repairing radio sets for pocket money for repair shops in Philadelphia. During World War II, when his father’s import business struggled, Dr. Bose’s electronics repairs helped support the family. After graduating from high school, Dr. Bose was admitted to M.I.T. in 1947, where he studied under the mathematician Norbert Wiener, along with Dr. Lee.
An avid badminton player and swimmer, Dr. Bose spent several weeks each year at his vacation home in Hawaii.
Dr. Bose and his ex-wife, Prema, had two children, Vanu, now the head of his own company, Vanu Inc. in Cambridge, Mass., and Maya Bose, who survive him, as does his second wife, Ursula, and one grandchild.